Comparative Study of Short-Range Wireless Protocols Across Different Wireless Network
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2024v3i160-75Keywords:
Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee and Wi-Fi, Wireless Communication Protocols, Wireless Network Performance, Power-Efficient Data TransmissionAbstract
Wireless communication has become indispensable to modern data transmission, replacing cable-based links across personal, local, metropolitan, and wide-area settings. This paper presents a condensed comparative study of the four dominant short-range wireless protocols — Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), Ultra-Wide Band or UWB (IEEE 802.15.3), ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4), and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11a/b/g) — alongside the broader classification of wireless networks into Personal, Local, Metropolitan, and Wide Area categories (WPAN, WLAN, WMAN, and WWAN). Each protocol and network category is reviewed in terms of frequency band, data rate, range, topology, security, and coexistence mechanism, drawing on the underlying M.Phil. dissertation. A quantitative evaluation further compares transmission time, data coding efficiency, protocol complexity, and power consumption across the four short-range protocols using standard reference chipsets. Results show that ZigBee and Bluetooth are efficient for small, low-power payloads such as sensor data, while UWB and Wi-Fi are preferable for high-data-rate, energy-efficient transmission such as audio and video. No single protocol is found to be universally superior; suitability ultimately depends on the target application and its constraints.
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